HTTP Date (IMF-fixdate)
RFC 7231 preferred format. Used in Date, Last-Modified, Expires headers. Always GMT.
Convert any date to HTTP Date format (RFC 7231). Always in GMT.
RFC 7231 preferred format. Used in Date, Last-Modified, Expires headers. Always GMT.
For Cache-Control max-age or programmatic comparison.
Modern alternative for APIs that accept ISO format.
HTTP/1.1 (RFC 7231) defines the "IMF-fixdate" format for date/time headers: Day, DD Mon YYYY HH:MM:SS GMT. Example: Mon, 15 Jul 2024 12:00:00 GMT. It's always expressed in GMT — never with a numeric offset.
Date
When the response was generated
Last-Modified
When the resource was last changed
Expires
When the response becomes stale
If-Modified-Since
Conditional GET request header
If-Unmodified-Since
Conditional PUT/DELETE header
Retry-After
When to retry after 429/503 (can also be seconds)
HTTP requires GMT to avoid ambiguity in caching and conditional requests. Intermediary proxies compare timestamps for freshness calculations — a consistent timezone eliminates conversion errors. Note: "GMT" in HTTP is semantically identical to UTC.